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Retirement playbook: What to consider in your 50s

Key takeaways

  • Boost retirement savings with catch-up contributions and aim to save 8x your income by age 60, 10x by age 67.
  • Plan for rising health care costs and explore long-term care coverage while it's still affordable.
  • Protect your financial foundation with updated insurance, estate planning, and a strategic emergency fund.
  • Consider a second act or lifestyle shift to stretch savings and support your goals.

Your 50s are a turning point. There may be a light at the end of the tunnel for big expenses like tuition and mortgages and your earning power may be peaking. Now’s the time to focus—because retirement could last as long as your career did.

Whether you’re dreaming of retirement at 55 or just want to know if you’re on track, Fidelity’s planning tools can help. You can find out how likely your plan is to succeed—and what to consider to help improve your odds.

“You may have a lot more wealth than you've ever had, and the stakes are a little higher,” says Kenny Davin, vice president and Fidelity branch manager in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. “Time to get serious.”

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1. Get granular with your budget

This is the decade to get detailed. Knowing where your money goes helps you spot areas to cut back—and prepare for surprises.

“In your 50s is when you should be getting a lot more detailed about current and future spending,” Davin says.

Read Fidelity Viewpoints: Ready to retire? You still need a budget

2. Plan for health care costs

Health care is one of the biggest variables in retirement—and in your 50s, it’s time to get proactive.

Fidelity estimates that a 65-year-old retiring in 2025 will need about $172,500 for medical expenses throughout retirement, even after Medicare. That’s up more than 4% from 2024—and it’s likely to keep rising.

A health savings account (HSA) may be able to help. If you’re enrolled in a high-deductible health plan (HDHP), you may be able to contribute to an HSA. HSAs offer a triple-tax advantage:1

  • Contributions are tax-deductible or pre-tax.
  • Any growth is tax-deferred.
  • Withdrawals are tax-free for qualified medical expenses.

3. Maintain and optimize your emergency savings

By your 50s, your emergency fund could be more than a safety net. It could be a strategic buffer that helps protect your retirement plan.

Unexpected expenses like medical bills, home repairs, or job transitions can still happen. But now, the stakes are higher.

“An emergency fund isn’t just about peace of mind,” says Davin. “It’s about protecting the momentum you’ve built.”

Aim for 3 to 6 months of essential expenses, depending on your household situation. If you’re single, the sole earner in your household, self-employed, or supporting dependents, lean toward the higher end. And if you’re planning a career shift or early retirement, consider building a larger cushion.

4. Protect the wealth you have

You’ve spent decades building your financial foundation—now’s the time to safeguard it.

Start by reviewing your insurance coverage. Life changes in your 50s—like kids leaving home, career shifts, or health developments—can affect what you need. Scrutinize:

  • Disability insurance: Still essential if you're working. It protects your income if illness or injury keeps you from earning.
  • Life insurance: Reassess your coverage. You may need less than before—or more, depending on your dependents and estate goals. Term life insurance may still be appropriate for your circumstances and, at this stage and later in life, some people opt for permanent life insurance policies which may help with estate planning, legacy goals, or providing liquidity for heirs. Read Fidelity Viewpoints: What you should know about life insurance
  • Umbrella insurance: These policies add a layer of protection that can shield your assets from lawsuits or major claims.
  • Long-term care insurance: Premiums rise sharply with age, and health issues can limit availability.
  • Estate plan: Update your will, beneficiaries, powers of attorney, and health care directive.

“You probably have more wealth than ever—and more to lose. This is the decade to get serious about protecting it,” suggests Davin.

5. Supercharge your savings

Your 50s are a critical window to boost retirement savings and fine-tune your investment strategy. With retirement on the horizon, every dollar—and every decision—counts.

Explore catch-up contributions

If you're 50 or older, you can contribute more to tax-advantaged accounts—and those extra dollars can make a big difference.

In 2025:

  • IRAs: Add up to $1,000 in catch-up contributions, for a total of $8,000.
  • 401(k)s and similar workplace plans: Add up to $7,500, for a total of $31,000.
  • HSAs: Starting at age 55, contribute an extra $1,000.

Even modest catch-up contributions can add up. For example, contributing an extra $1,000 annually to an IRA for 20 years with a 7% return could grow to nearly $44,000.2

In general, we suggest aiming to save at least 15% of your pre-tax income, including any employer match. If you’re not there yet, consider increasing your contribution by 1% each year until you are.

Fidelity’s guideline suggests having 8x your income saved by age 60 and 10x saved by age 67, if that’s the age you plan to retire.3

6. Invest for growth potential and manage risk

At this stage, investing is about striking the right balance: You still need growth to support a long retirement, but you may also need stability to protect what you’ve built.

“You’re still focused on helping your money to grow but you’re entering a phase where managing risk can be just as important,” Davin says.

Here’s what to consider for your portfolio in this decade:

  • Stocks for growth potential: Equities remain essential. They offer the potential to outpace inflation and support long-term goals. Consider maintaining a meaningful allocation to stocks—especially if retirement is still 10+ years away.
  • Bonds for stability: Fixed income investments can help provide steady income.
  • Cash for flexibility: A cash cushion can help you cover short-term needs without selling investments during market downturns.

Tip: Review your asset allocation annually. If you’re unsure, consider getting professional help through a target date fund or a managed account.

7. Pay down debts

In your 50s, it’s time to get aggressive about eliminating debt—especially high-interest and nonessential balances.

Start with credit cards, auto loans, and private student loans. These often carry interest rates that far exceed what you’re earning on savings or investments. Every dollar spent on interest is one less dollar working toward your future.

If you’re still carrying mortgage debt, consider whether refinancing or accelerating payments makes sense. But don’t rush to pay off low-interest debt if it would drain your emergency fund or retirement contributions.

Read Fidelity Viewpoints: Should you pay down debt or invest?

Tip: Avoid taking on new debt if you can. Big purchases—like a car or home renovation—should be weighed against your retirement timeline and cash flow.

8. Review your Social Security and pension benefit options.

Social Security may be years away—but in your 50s, it’s time to start shaping your strategy.

To get a sense for how much you may be due, get an estimate of your future benefits and a record of your lifetime earnings history at ssa.gov. Fidelity’s Social Security Benefits Calculator can help you model different claiming scenarios.

Timing matters:

  • You can claim benefits as early as age 62, but doing so may reduce your monthly payout by up to 30%.
  • If you wait until age 70, your benefit increases by about 8% per year beyond your full retirement age (generally 67).

Consider your health, family longevity, and other income sources when deciding when to claim. If you’re married, coordinating with your spouse can help maximize household benefits.

Tip: Add your projected Social Security and any pension income to your retirement plan. Knowing what’s coming helps you determine how much more you need to save—and when you can afford to retire.

Your 50s may also be a good time to start thinking about your retirement income. You don’t have to wait until you retire to plan for the income you’ll need, Davin says. “Think about whether it makes sense to use some of your assets today for a deferred income annuity and lock in that paycheck you can count on tomorrow. That way your future cash flow—and the lifestyle it represents—isn’t completely at the whim of the market.”

Read Fidelity Viewpoints: Create future retirement income

9. Plan your next act

Your 50s are a prime time to rethink not just when you’ll retire, but how you want to live.

Whether it’s a part-time gig, seasonal work, consulting, or a full-blown encore career, a second act can offer more than just income—it can provide purpose, structure, and flexibility.

Even if you’ve saved enough, earning income in your 60s can help you:

  • Delay tapping retirement accounts.
  • Continue contributing to tax-advantaged plans.
  • Postpone Social Security for bigger checks.

Tip: Start exploring at 55 what you might want to be doing at 60. Build skills, test ideas through moonlighting, and get financially fit for the transition.

10. Make a strategic housing move

Housing is one of your biggest expenses—and one of your biggest levers.

  • Downsizing, relocating, or refinancing could free up cash and simplify your lifestyle.
  • A smaller home or move to a lower-cost region can reduce maintenance and improve your retirement outlook.

Tip: Start your research early. Visit potential locations, run the numbers, and consider both financial and emotional factors. The sooner you begin, the more confident your decision will be.

Consider getting help

It can make sense to talk to a financial professional about your retirement plan. They could help you:

  • Run the numbers on retirement timing and spending.
  • Model different scenarios and trade-offs.
  • Build a strategy that aligns with your goals, lifestyle, and risk tolerance.

Whether you’re wondering if you can retire early, relocate, or launch a second act, a professional can help you see the full picture and make confident choices.

Tip: Start with a conversation. Connect with Fidelity to explore your options and take the next step.

Start a conversation

We'll meet you where you are on your financial journey and help you get to where you want to be.

More to explore

This information is intended to be educational and is not tailored to the investment needs of any specific investor.

1. 

With respect to federal taxation only. Contributions, investment earnings, and distributions may or may not be subject to state taxation.

2. This hypothetical example assumes an annual contribution of $1,000 made at the beginning of the year. The investor contributes annually, takes no withdrawals until age 70, and earns a 7% rate of return. The ending values do not reflect taxes, fees, or inflation. If they did, amounts would be lower. Earnings and tax-deductible contributions from traditional IRAs are subject to taxes when withdrawn. Earnings distributed from Roth IRAs are income tax-free provided certain requirements are met. IRA distributions before age 59½ may also be subject to a 10% penalty. Systematic investing does not ensure a profit and does not protect against loss in a declining market. This example is for illustrative purposes only and does not represent the performance of any security. Consider your current and anticipated investment horizon when making an investment decision, as the illustration may not reflect this. The assumed rate of return used in this example is not guaranteed. Investments that have potential for a 7% annual nominal rate of return also come with risk of loss.

3. 

Fidelity has developed a series of salary multipliers in order to provide participants with one measure of how their current retirement savings might be compared to potential income needs in retirement. The salary multiplier suggested is based solely on your current age. In developing the series of salary multipliers corresponding to age, Fidelity assumed age-based asset allocations consistent with the equity glide path of a typical target date retirement fund, a 15% savings rate, a 1.5% constant real wage growth, a retirement age of 67 and a planning age through 93. The replacement annual income target is defined as 45% of pre-retirement annual income and assumes no pension income. This target is based on Consumer Expenditure Survey (BLS), Statistics of Income Tax Stat, IRS tax brackets and Social Security Benefit Calculators. Fidelity developed the salary multipliers through multiple market simulations based on historical market data, assuming poor market conditions to support a 90% confidence level of success.

These simulations take into account the volatility that a typical target date asset allocation might experience under different market conditions. Volatility of the stocks, bonds and short-term asset classes is based on the historical annual data from 1926 through the most recent year-end data available from Ibbotson Associates, Inc. Stocks (domestic and foreign) are represented by Ibbotson Associates SBBI S&P 500 Total Return Index, bonds are represented by Ibbotson Associates SBBI U.S. Intermediate Term Government Bonds Total Return Index, and short term are represented by Ibbotson Associates SBBI 30-day U.S. Treasury Bills Total Return Index, respectively. It is not possible to invest directly in an index. All indices include reinvestment of dividends and interest income. All calculations are purely hypothetical and a suggested salary multiplier is not a guarantee of future results; it does not reflect the return of any particular investment or take into consideration the composition of a participant’s particular account. The salary multiplier is intended only to be one source of information that may help you assess your retirement income needs. Remember, past performance is no guarantee of future results. Performance returns for actual investments will generally be reduced by fees or expenses not reflected in these hypothetical calculations. Returns also will generally be reduced by taxes.

Investment decisions should be based on an individual’s own goals, time horizon, and tolerance for risk.

Keep in mind that investing involves risk. The value of your investment will fluctuate over time, and you may gain or lose money.

Fidelity does not provide legal or tax advice. The information herein is general in nature and should not be considered legal or tax advice. Consult an attorney or tax professional regarding your specific situation.

Diversification and asset allocation do not ensure a profit or guarantee against loss.

Views expressed are as of the date indicated, based on the information available at that time, and may change based on market or other conditions. Unless otherwise noted, the opinions provided are those of the speaker or author and not necessarily those of Fidelity Investments or its affiliates. Fidelity does not assume any duty to update any of the information.

The information provided herein is general in nature. It is not intended, nor should it be construed, as legal or tax advice. Because the administration of an HSA is a taxpayer responsibility, you are strongly encouraged to consult your tax advisor before opening an HSA. You are also encouraged to review information available from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) for taxpayers, which can be found on the IRS website at IRS.gov. You can find IRS Publication 969, Health Savings Accounts and Other Tax-Favored Health Plans, and IRS Publication 502, Medical and Dental Expenses, online, or you can call the IRS to request a copy of each at 800-829-3676.

​The Retiree Health Care Cost Estimate (RHCCE) is based on a single person retiring in 2025, 65-years-old, with life expectancies that align with Society of Actuaries' RP-2014 Healthy Annuitant rates projected with Mortality Improvements Scale MP-2020 as of 2022. Actual assets needed may be more or less depending on actual health status, area of residence, and longevity. Estimate is net of taxes. The Fidelity Retiree Health Care Cost Estimate assumes individuals do not have employer-provided retiree health care coverage, but do qualify for the federal government’s insurance program, original Medicare. The calculation takes into account Medicare Part B base premiums and cost-sharing provisions (such as deductibles and coinsurance) associated with Medicare Part A and Part B (inpatient and outpatient medical insurance). It also considers Medicare Part D (prescription drug coverage) premiums and out-of-pocket costs, as well as certain services excluded by original Medicare. The estimate does not include other health-related expenses, such as over-the-counter medications, most dental services and long-term care.

In general, the bond market is volatile, and fixed income securities carry interest rate risk. (As interest rates rise, bond prices usually fall, and vice versa. This effect is usually more pronounced for longer-term securities.) Fixed income securities also carry inflation risk, liquidity risk, call risk, and credit and default risks for both issuers and counterparties. Unlike individual bonds, most bond funds do not have a maturity date, so holding them until maturity to avoid losses caused by price volatility is not possible.

Stock markets are volatile and can fluctuate significantly in response to company, industry, political, regulatory, market, or economic developments. Investing in stock involves risks, including the loss of principal.

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