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What affects your credit score

A credit score is like a report card that helps banks and credit card companies make decisions about lending you money. The most commonly used credit scores are FICO®  Score and VantageScore. They run from 300 to 850.

Graphic showing the FICO credit score range from 300 to 850 with a horizontal color bar transitioning from orange to green.

Benefits of a good credit score

Graphic titled ‘Benefits of a good score’ showing a credit score scale from 300 to 850, with a neutral face icon on the low end and a positive face icon on the high end.

A good credit score can mean better interest rates—which can save you money.

Here’s how your credit score is calculated.

Illustration of a hand holding a green card labeled ‘Credit Score,’ displaying a score scale from 300 to 850.

1. Payment History

35% of your credit score comes from how well you keep up with your bill payments.

Illustration of overlapping green credit score cards, one highlighting 35 percent, with a score scale from 300 to 850 visible.

To keep your credit score healthy, pay your bills on time—every time. And if you can’t pay in full, it’s important to pay at least the minimum. Just remember you’ll pay interest on the balance.

2. Credit utilization

30% of your credit score is determined by how much credit you use from the total amount you have. When you use a lot—or all—of the credit you’re given, it can indicate you’re financially overextending yourself. This might make lenders hesitate to give you more credit in the future.

Illustration of a green credit score card highlighting 30 percent, partially overlapping a larger credit score card that shows a score of 850 on the scale.

3. Length of credit history

15% of your credit score is determined by the length of time you’ve had your accounts. Lenders want to know how long you have been financially responsible with your accounts. Don't rush to close old cards or account as it may impact your credit score.

Illustration showing a narrow green card labeled 15 percent over a larger credit score card with a score scale ending at 850.

4. Credit mix

10% of your credit score is determined by the different kinds of debts and loans you have—and more importantly, how well you're managing to pay them off.

Graphic of a credit score card with a purple callout showing 10 percent, alongside the text ‘Your credit score matters’ and a score scale ending at 850.
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It's what you juggle for credit cards, school loans, car loans, and whatever else—and how you take care of all those accounts.

5. New credit

10% of your credit score is determined by how often you apply for new credit.

Graphic of a credit score card with a blue callout showing 10 percent, the text ‘Your credit score matters,’ and a score scale reaching 850.

When you apply for a new line of credit, an "inquiry" goes on your credit report. Be aware that different inquiries can mean different things. Hard inquiries go on your report when lenders check your credit for a loan application. They may temporarily lower your score. Soft inquiries do not affect your credit and are usually for pre-approval.

Illustration showing the five factors that make up a FICO credit score in a donut chart: payment history at 35 percent, credit utilization at 30 percent, length of credit history at 15 percent, new credit at 10 percent, and credit mix at 10 percent.

Managing these 5 factors will help you keep your credit score in check. Checkout this resource to learn ways to improve your credit score.

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